Monday 7 November 2011

Ideology notes

Ideology

- "The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways; the point, however, is to change it", Marx k
- marxism, a political manifesto, leading to socialism, communism and the twentieth century conflicts between capital and labour
- a philosophical approach to the social sciences, which focusses on the role of society in determining human behaviour.
- capitalism. the society that we live in (west) control if the means of production in private hands, a market where labour power is bought and sold, production of commodities for sale, use of money as means of exchange, competition.
- primitive communism; as seen in cooperative tribal societies.
- salve society; develops when the tribe becomes a city-state. birth of aristocracy.
- feudalism; aristocracy becomes the ruling class. merchants develop into capitalists.
- capitalism; capitalists are the ruling class
- socialism; workers gain class
- communism; classless/stateless society
- Marx argues that society can be broken down into two categories, base & superstructure. you got the forces of production/relations of production & then you have the social institutions, forms of consciousness.
- everything can be traced back to class/gender/race. it supposedly merges from a certain social attitude. art, science, lawyer etc
- "The mode of production of material life conditions the social, political and intellectual life process in general", marx, 1857
- religion could be thought to be the ultimate sort of trap for the worker, like a mental control.it gives people a motivation/hope
- distort, masking, selection of ideas to reinforce power relations through creation of false consciousness
- "religion is the opiate of the masses", marx, 1843
- art as ideology. art was always the rich class as they had to be educated, women were never allowed to be artists (white rich men) wealthy people were the ones buying the art. it's how the higher class thinks. art is used in an ideological way. art being used to make people think in a certain way.
- Althusser, ideology becomes a mechanism by which we live our lives
- it seems to offer reasons for why we are in our situation.
- media creates a false consciousness
- the working class are being fed what the upper class assume they are interested in, meaning that they know what they are fed.
- thus instead of being intensified by what they produce, people are made to identify themselves by what they consume, Williemson, 1978
- Sao Paulo has supposedly banned advertising due to the fact thats its a visual pollution