mass production notes

TECHNOLOGY - REPRODUCTION

- there's an argument that the copy challenges the status of the original &/OR there's a theory that it validates the original
- looking at the idea of the original and the copy
- Walter Benjamin, 'the work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction'
- looking at how technology effects traditional art. more of a discussion of humanity and social philosophy
- although copies of art have always occurred, technology allows faster and more accurate copies of art
- access to information got spread
- taking art out of tradition

 aura, associated with painting: tradition, original, creativity, genius, value, mystery, authority

analysis of part XII:
- mechanical reproduction has a large influence on how a painting should be viewed. you lose that direct visual contact
- by taking away the specificity of an audience, you're effecting the social reaction. it becomes less exclusive and this could have an effect on the way someone views the art
- it changes how you interprate it. are you there to enjoy it or criticise it
- the way other people see it is going to effect the way you see it. they end up controlling eachother
- people are trying to cater to the masses but in actual fact they are taking away that exclusiveness of a painting and that personal perception of it therefore decreasing the value of the painting itself
- rather then looking at the social effect producing art for the masses has, it becomes more interesting when a painting becomes exclusive as it then changes it's social reaction
- although paintings began to be publicly exhibited, they weren't produced for the masses to organise themselves but some of the public to simply visit the gallery or salon they were put into
- with art being produced in the masses, it allows people to respond in the same manor to that they would of a film. it's less personal and less direct

Ideology notes

Ideology

- "The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways; the point, however, is to change it", Marx k
- marxism, a political manifesto, leading to socialism, communism and the twentieth century conflicts between capital and labour
- a philosophical approach to the social sciences, which focusses on the role of society in determining human behaviour.
- capitalism. the society that we live in (west) control if the means of production in private hands, a market where labour power is bought and sold, production of commodities for sale, use of money as means of exchange, competition.
- primitive communism; as seen in cooperative tribal societies.
- salve society; develops when the tribe becomes a city-state. birth of aristocracy.
- feudalism; aristocracy becomes the ruling class. merchants develop into capitalists.
- capitalism; capitalists are the ruling class
- socialism; workers gain class
- communism; classless/stateless society
- Marx argues that society can be broken down into two categories, base & superstructure. you got the forces of production/relations of production & then you have the social institutions, forms of consciousness.
- everything can be traced back to class/gender/race. it supposedly merges from a certain social attitude. art, science, lawyer etc
- "The mode of production of material life conditions the social, political and intellectual life process in general", marx, 1857
- religion could be thought to be the ultimate sort of trap for the worker, like a mental control.it gives people a motivation/hope
- distort, masking, selection of ideas to reinforce power relations through creation of false consciousness
- "religion is the opiate of the masses", marx, 1843
- art as ideology. art was always the rich class as they had to be educated, women were never allowed to be artists (white rich men) wealthy people were the ones buying the art. it's how the higher class thinks. art is used in an ideological way. art being used to make people think in a certain way.
- Althusser, ideology becomes a mechanism by which we live our lives
- it seems to offer reasons for why we are in our situation.
- media creates a false consciousness
- the working class are being fed what the upper class assume they are interested in, meaning that they know what they are fed.
- thus instead of being intensified by what they produce, people are made to identify themselves by what they consume, Williemson, 1978
- Sao Paulo has supposedly banned advertising due to the fact thats its a visual pollution